Uttar Pradesh (UP) is one of India’s most fertile states, blessed with the alluvial soil of the Ganga basin and favorable climatic conditions. With the right crop selection, proper fertilizer use, and timely farming practices, farmers here can significantly increase productivity and profits. This guide will help you understand the top crops for different seasons in UP, the best fertilizers to use, and seasonal tips to get the best results.
Top Crops for Uttar Pradesh Farmers
1. Wheat (Rabi Season)
- Best Season: November to April
- Varieties: HD-2967, PBW-343, HD-3086
- Fertilizer Recommendation:
- Basal: 50 kg Urea + 125 kg DAP per acre
- Top Dressing: 50 kg Urea at tillering stage
- Yield Potential: 18–20 quintals per acre
2. Rice (Kharif Season)
- Best Season: June to October
- Varieties: Pusa Basmati-1, Sarju-52, IR-64
- Fertilizer Recommendation:
- Basal: 60 kg Urea + 125 kg DAP per acre
- Top Dressing: 50 kg Urea at tillering and panicle initiation
- Yield Potential: 20–22 quintals per acre
3. Sugarcane (Annual Crop)
- Best Planting Time: February to March or September to October
- Varieties: CoS-767, CoSe-95422, Co-0238
- Fertilizer Recommendation:
- Basal: 80 kg Urea + 125 kg DAP + 60 kg MOP per acre
- Split Dose: 40 kg Urea every 45 days after planting
- Yield Potential: 400–500 quintals per acre
4. Pulses (Moong, Urad, Arhar)
- Best Season: Moong/Urad – Summer (March–June), Arhar – Kharif (June–December)
- Varieties: PDM-139, Pant Moong-4, Pant Urad-19
- Fertilizer Recommendation:
- Basal: 20 kg Urea + 100 kg SSP per acre
- Yield Potential: 6–8 quintals per acre
5. Mustard (Rabi Season)
- Best Season: October to February
- Varieties: Pusa Bold, Varuna, Pusa Mustard-21
- Fertilizer Recommendation:
- Basal: 40 kg Urea + 100 kg SSP + 30 kg MOP per acre
- Yield Potential: 8–10 quintals per acre
Best Fertilizers for Uttar Pradesh Agriculture
- Nitrogen Sources: Urea, Ammonium Sulphate
- Phosphorus Sources: DAP, SSP
- Potash Sources: MOP (Muriate of Potash)
- Biofertilizers: Rhizobium for pulses, Azotobacter for cereals
- Organic Fertilizers: Vermicompost, Cow Dung, Green Manure
Tip: Always test your soil before deciding the fertilizer dose to avoid overuse and reduce costs.
Seasonal Farming Tips for Uttar Pradesh Farmers
Kharif Season (June – October)
- Ensure timely sowing after first monsoon showers.
- Use seed treatment to prevent fungal diseases.
- Maintain proper water management in paddy fields.
Rabi Season (November – April)
- Use residue management to improve soil fertility.
- Ensure irrigation at critical growth stages of wheat and mustard.
- Protect crops from frost using light irrigation at night.
Zaid/Summer Season (March – June)
- Grow short-duration crops like moong, vegetables, and cucurbits.
- Use mulching to retain soil moisture.
- Opt for drip irrigation for better water use efficiency.
Government Schemes & Support for UP Farmers
- PM-Kisan Samman Nidhi – ₹6,000 yearly support.
- Soil Health Card Scheme – Free soil testing.
- Subsidies on seeds, fertilizers, and farm machinery.
- Crop Insurance under PMFBY.
Conclusion
Farming success in Uttar Pradesh depends on choosing the right crop for the right season, using balanced fertilizers, and following timely agricultural practices. By integrating modern farming techniques with traditional wisdom, farmers can achieve higher yields and better income.
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